Sigurd and Harald fought the Battle of the Brávellir (Bråvalla) on the plains of Östergötland, where Harald and many of his men died. From a non-marital affair with the daughter of one Esbjørn, Ragnar begets Ubbe, while his last marriage with Svanlaug produces another three sons, Ragnvald, Eric Weatherhat and Hvitserk. According to Hilda Ellis Davidson, writing in 1979, Certain scholars in recent years have come to accept at least part of Ragnar's story as based on historical fact.[64]. [32] The expression "her sons" has given rise to the theory that Lodbrok was originally thought of as a woman,[33] mother of the historically known sons. [53] Halfdan Ragnarsson became the leader of the Great Heathen Army in about 870 and he led it in an invasion of Wessex.
[10] Although this part of the Flores historiarum was compiled centuries later and contains some obvious anachronisms, Roger of Wendover appears to have used certain earlier sources, no longer extant, which would add credibility to the story. [61] According to the sagas Sigurd became King of Zealand, Skåne and the lesser Danish Isles.
[46] The form Ragnall may refer to either Ragnvald or Ragnar, and the entry is a strong indication that the name of Ivar's and Halfdan's father was really Ragnar or a similar name. Viking Empires (First ed.).
This marriage resulted in the sons Ivar the Boneless, Björn Ironside, Hvitserk, Ragnvald and Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye. Among the seaborne expeditions was one against the Bjarmians and Finns (Saami) in the Arctic north. As late at 1066 the Battle of Fulford was fought there as Harald Hardraada of Norway made a bid for the throne of England. According to the traditional literature, Ragnar Lodbrok distinguished himself by many raids against the British Isles and the Holy Roman Empire during the 9th century. His sons with Thora are Radbard, Dunvat, Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye, Björn Ironside, Agnar and Ivar the Boneless. Whereas Ragnar's sons Ivar the Boneless, Halfdan Ragnarsson, Björn Ironside, Ubbe and Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye are historical figures, opinion regarding their father is divided. [8] According to Roger of Wendover's Flores historiarum (early 13th century), Osulf was responsible for a conspiracy with a certain Maccus that led to the betrayal and death of Eric Bloodaxe, King of Northumbria, "in a certain lonely place called Stainmore".[9]. Osulf (fl. [5], Osulf's origins are unclear. English kings control Jorvik through carefully-chosen earls and archbishops, often of mixed Anglo-Scandinavian descent. It reads: "This howe was built a long time before Lodbrok's. [55], According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the Danes battled the West Saxons nine times, including the Battle of Ashdown on 8 January 871, where Bagsecg was killed. Harold Godwinson’s army was seriously weakened by the Battle of Stamford Bridge and, after a strenuous march south which left his warriors strung out throughout England, he was confronted at Hastings by Duke William of Normandy. There were further Danish attempts to recapture York in 1070, 1075 and 1085, but these were short-lived and unsuccessful.
For much of the time, Jorvik and the Kingdom of York were ruled by Vikings, but there were periods when the Viking rulers were no more than ‘petty kings’, themselves ruled over by the English kings of Wessex. Sörle and his army were massacred and Björn Ironside was installed on the throne. After the battle the Saxons took great plunder, and among other things the banner called "Raven". York had been founded as the Roman legionary fortress of Eboracum and revived as the Anglo-Saxon trading port of Eoforwic. Following this, Osulf is said to have taken control of all Northumbria.
Ragnar Lodbrok features prominently in the following works: Frankish accounts of a 9th-century Viking leader named Ragnar, Anglo-Saxon and Irish accounts of the father of Ivar and Halfdan, Tolkien, Christopher, & Turville-Petre, G. (eds) (1956). Edmund was described as rex totiusque Albionis primicerius in one of his charters, but did not live long enough to enjoy his renewed hold on the northern zone. During this time, the Romans built a legionary fortress at York, which they called Eboracum. [13] Storm, Gustav (1877), "Ragnar Lodbrok og Lodbrokssønnerne; studie i dansk oldhistorie og nordisk sagnhistorie", This page was last edited on 24 September 2020, at 14:12. Sigurd Ring and his cousin and rival Ring (that is, Sigfred and Anulo of recorded history, d. 812) are both killed in battle, whereupon Ragnar is elevated to the Danish kingship (identified by Saxo with Ragnfred, d.