For example, in polysiloxanes (silicone), the backbone chain is very flexible, which results in a very low glass transition temperature of −123 °C (−189 °F; 150 K). Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of Biology Online, its staff, or its partners. One is gray, the other muddy. backbone synonyms, backbone pronunciation, backbone translation, English dictionary definition of backbone. Chapter 2. Further interactions between residues of the individual amino acids form the protein's tertiary structure. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Monitoring the progress of a calculation over a list. Smaller networks are attached to the backbone, and networks that directly connect to the end user or customer are called "access networks." These include polythiophenes or low band gap polymers in organic semiconductors. 2. the rigid bony structure in the midline of the back, composed of the vertebrae ; called also backbone , spinal column , and vertebral column . Doctors think my 40 year old brother has. This is because the chemical differences of peptide and nucleotide monomers determines the biological function of their polymers whereas common carbohydrate monomers have one general function such as for energy storage and delivery. DNA is a long polymer made from repeating units called nucleotides, each of which is usually symbolized by a single letter: either A, T, C, or G. The structure of DNA is dynamic along its length, being capable of coiling into tight loops and other shapes. Q. backbone: [ spīn ] 1. a thornlike process or projection; called also acantha and spina . In polymer science, the backbone chain of a polymer is the longest series of covalently bonded atoms that together create the continuous chain of the molecule. This is the driving factor of their different structures and functions in the body. [12], Carbohydrates have many roles in the body including functioning as structural units, enzyme cofactors and cell surface recognition sites. Why does it still hurt? Available from: Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. Backbone definition: Your backbone is the column of small linked bones down the middle of your back. Computer Desktop Encyclopedia THIS DEFINITION IS FOR PERSONAL USE ONLY All other reproduction is strictly prohibited without permission from the publisher. Generally, carbohydrates which our bodies break down are alpha-linked (example: glycogen) and those which have structural function are beta-linked (example: cellulose). All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. Each nucleic acid is composed of a deoxyribose molecule bound to both a phosphate group and either a purine or a pyrimidine.Purines have two carbon and nitrogen rings, while … This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. This happens during a biological process known as translation. 2. the rigid bony structure in the midline of the back, composed of the vertebrae; called also backbone, spinal column, and vertebral column. 4th edition. Here you can cut the plasmid controlled (only open the ring on one site) and insert DNA of interest. Definition noun A structural component of DNA that consists of 5-deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups involved in carrying the genetic code. They are made up of monomers called nucleotides which consist of an organic base: A, G, C and T or U, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. An empty plasmid in this context means that it can readily used for cloning purposes as it does not contain any foreign DNA.