Two Early Bronze Age urns were found at Crookes in 1887,[7][8] and three Middle Bronze Age barrows found at Lodge Moor[9] (both suburbs of the modern city). The Sheffield Lyceum, Crucible Theatre and Studio Theatre are located in Lyceum Square in the city centre and host a wide variety of plays and live performances. The city has over 170 woodlands, 78 public parks, 10 parks and 52 square miles of national park. The tramway was destroyed by rioters, who saw it as part of a plan to raise the price of coal. It, and an area around it of 2 m diameter, is a scheduled ancient monument.[6]. The Sheffield Legends plaques outside the Town Hall pay tribute to local celebrities such as actor Sean Bean, Olympic athlete Jessica Ennis and astronaut Helen Sharman - who was the first ever Briton in space! [61], In the 1740s Benjamin Huntsman, a clock maker in Handsworth, invented a form of the crucible steel process for making a better quality of steel than had previously been available. Sheffield residents might be oblivious to global warming given the dedication of the city to green energy and conserving the environment. In 1924 he patented '18-8 stainless steel',[69] which to this day is probably the most common alloy of this type. Sheffield has the highest ratio of trees to people in Europe - over two million across the city! More information about Sheffield Museums and Sheffield Art Galleries. [33] It is likely then that the origin of the present-day city of Sheffield is an Anglo-Saxon settlement in a clearing beside the confluence of the rivers Sheaf and Don founded between the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons in this region (roughly the 6th century) and the early 9th century.[34]. [77], This was followed by the Sheffield and Rotherham Railway in 1838, the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway in 1845, and the Midland Railway in 1870. Sheffield's long and rich history has made it one of the most interesting cities in the UK. RISE is a collaboration between city partners, Sheffield City Council, Sheffield Hallam University, The University of Sheffield and the private sector. Ther was no man, for peril, dorste hym touche. [79] Due to the narrow medieval roads the tramways were initially banned from the town centre. This prospered and in 1762–65 Hancock built the water-powered Old Park Silver Mills at the confluence of the Loxley and the Don, one of the earliest factories solely producing an industrial semi-manufacture. Following the war, the 1950s and 1960s saw many large scale developments in the city. Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria had been executed in 1076 for his part in an uprising against William I. Parts of Sheffield were devastated when, following a five-year construction project, the Dale Dyke dam collapsed on Friday 11 March 1864, resulting in the Great Sheffield Flood. In 1773 Sheffield was given a silver assay office. As a result of this, in 1266 a party of barons, led by John de Eyvill, marching from north Lincolnshire to Derbyshire passed through Sheffield and destroyed the town, burning the church and castle. Heavy Metal. [68] His successor as manager at Brown Firth, Dr William Hatfield, continued Brealey's work. The Domesday Book was ordered written by William the Conqueror so that the value of the townships and manors of England could be assessed.